INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Living things cannot survive without water. This is because water is required to give cells their shape, dissolve substances (as a universal solvent) and enable the continuity of biochemical and biological processes (digestion). Although there are different forms of water, humans have been able to harness water from various sources, subject it to treatment processes that can improve its physicochemical and microbiological properties so as to make it fit for consumption before making it available for consumption (Wanga et al., 2011; Arfao et al., 2021; Ogunwale et al., 2021).
The ocean covers a whooping three-fourth of our Earth’s total surface this is an indirect indication of its extensive value. Designated as the most valuable substance globally, its applications are extensive across all major areas of life; agricultural irrigation, industrial processes, fishery and even more importantly, within the human body for digestion and improving the functionality of the human body. Therefore it is conclusive that all living things on Earth require water for sustainability. Microorganisms are an inevitable group of living things that also require water for cellular functions, therefore it is not impossible to find them abundant within water from all kinds of sources (either as surface or underground water) (Wanga et al., 2011; Arfao et al., 2021).
The science of water resources is become increasingly important, first due to the unbalanced distribution of water resources across the earth’s surface and secondly because it plays an important role in the global distribution. Substantial effort has been committed to the research of water in other to investigate these instances of importance beginning with the initial 1910 study and success has been achieved edging forward (Wanga et al., 2011; Ogunwale et al., 2021).
Part of the outcomes of such studies is the implications of human activities either as industrial activities or agricultural activities that impact the water resources causing pollution of all kind. These forms of activities are also capable of introducing microorganisms into water bodies either directly by dumping thrash or as leachates, in the end both surface and underground water become contaminated with various microbial communities. Water for consumption is presented as tap water/pipe borne water and for mobile and convenience purposes it is presented as packaged water (Ogunbode and Ifabiyi, 2014; Fafunwa et al., 2017; Anifowose and Oyebode, 2019; Ogunwale et al., 2021).