ENZYMES
Enzymes are the large biomolecules that are required for the numerous chemical interconversions that sustain life. They accelerate all the metabolic processes in the body and carry out a specific task. Enzymes are highly efficient, which can increase reaction rates by 100 million to 10 billion times faster than any normal chemical reaction. Due to development in recombinant technology and protein engineering, enzymes have evolved as an important molecule that has been widely used in different industrial and therapeutical purposes. Microbial enzymes are currently acquiring much attention with rapid development of enzyme technology. Microbial enzymes are preferred due to their economic feasibility, high yields, consistency, ease of product modification and optimization, regular supply due to absence of seasonal fluctuations, rapid growth of microbes on inexpensive media, stability, and greater catalytic activity. Microbial enzymes play a major role in the diagnosis, treatment, biochemical investigation, and monitoring of various dreaded diseases. Amylase and lipase are two very important enzymes that have been vastly studied and have great importance in different industries and therapeutic industry (Li et al., 2010; Gurung et al., 2013; Elegbede and Lateef, 2019).
The first instance of an Enzyme was as far back as 1811, when Kirchhoff first recognized their activity. Later on, in 1838, Berzelius introduced the word catalysis, further, a number of studies about enzymes were conducted without any success until 1913 when Michaelis and Menten proposed a hypothesis for the activity of enzymes. Further success came in 1926 when Sumner isolated the first enzyme. Since then, much advances have been made in the field of enzymology. Today more than 1000 enzymes have been isolated (Mandake et al., 2020).